Should there be a citizenship question on the census?

This bill has Passed the House of Representatives
Bill Summary

H.R. 7109 would mandate the inclusion of a citizenship question in future US censuses, requiring US residents to indicate their citizenship status alongside race, household size, and other demographic details. Currently, population counts used for apportionment and tax allocation are based on the number of residents, but the addition of citizenship data would likely result in changes to such allocation processes. The Supreme Court previously ruled against the use of citizenship questions prior to the 2020 census. Sponsor: Rep. Chuck Edwards (Republican, North Carolina, District 11)
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Opponents say

•      "H.R. 7109 seeks to accomplish an unconstitutional goal; tries to amend the Constitution through unconstitutional means; and would put the accuracy of the multi-billion dollar, constitutionally required decennial census at grave risk in every state and community. For these reasons, we strongly urge you to oppose H.R. 7109 and any further efforts to ask about citizenship status on the decennial census and to exclude noncitizens from the apportionment counts." The Leadership Conference on Civil and Human Rights


•      "Adding a question about citizenship to the census would only create fear and reduce response rates in immigrant communities. As I said during our previous fight against the creation of a citizenship question, this decrease in response rates would produce an incomplete and therefore inaccurate count of the people living in the United States—the people who are valued workers, students, community leaders, our neighbors and our loved ones. This would impact the distribution of the billions of dollars in federal resources that are provided to schools, infrastructure projects, social services, and other crucial resources, as well as congressional representation in communities throughout the country—for a decade. Our constitution is clear: the census must count every person in our country. We don’t need a citizenship question; we need an accurate census count." Source: Rep. Grace Meng (Democrat, New York, District 6)

Proponents say

•      "The purpose of the census is to obtain an accurate composition of our nation, and distinguishing between legal citizens and illegal immigrants is imperative to know who is in our country and to make policy decisions in the best interests of our citizens. The Equal Representation Act will make sure that American citizens - and American citizens only - are given fair and equal representation in their federal government. The rewarding of open border policies that are diluting the voice and votes of Americans must come to an end." Source: Rep. Chuck Edwards (Republican, North Carolina, District 11)


•      "Decisions on redistricting, Congressional representation, and allocation of taxpayer resources should be based solely on the needs of American citizens. Including illegal aliens and noncitizens in Census data manipulates the numbers to put Americans last. Rep. Edwards’ bill puts voting power back in the hands of the American people and ensures the Census can’t be used to cheat hardworking taxpayers out of the representation they deserve." Source: Ryan Walker, Executive Vice President Heritage Action