Should Congress provide immigration status to agricultural workers?

This bill has Passed the House of Representatives
Bill Summary

H.R. 1603, the Farm Workforce Modernization Act (FWMA), seeks to address the disparity between the employment needs of farmers and the number of workers available. The FWMA bolsters the existing H-2A program, which provides work visas for migrant workers by (1) streamlining the H-2A application process, (2) tying the number of visas available to industry needs, (3) providing funding for subsidized housing for agricultural workers, and (4) establishing a pilot program of 10,000 “portable agricultural workers” who are not restricted to working for only H2-A authorized employers. Additionally, the FWMA creates a pathway to green card status for workers who have worked in agriculture for at least 10 years. Sponsor: Rep. Zoe Lofgren (Democrat, California, District 19)
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Opponents say

• "It does not include the right to organize for farmworkers. It excludes many workers from "blue card" status, sets up a very long path to get residency status, and requires farmworkers to continue working in agriculture for up to 8 years to qualify. It expands the H-2A program without providing necessary oversight or adequate protections, and will serve to further divide farmworkers against one another based on their immigration status… Many of our farmworker members with guestworkers are seeing increasing numbers of guestworkers enter their regions and sectors, and with that an increase in exploitation for both H-2A workers and domestic workers. H-2A workers’ immigration status is tied to one employer and workers are isolated in rural farming locations with little access to support, making it much more challenging to speak out about exploitation." Source: Food Chain Worker’s Alliance
• "We are deeply opposed to the H2A guestworker visa program, which commodifies workers in a globalized, for-profit system that favors corporate control. The FWMA allows for a major, permanent expansion of the H-2A program, which would continue a trend that has been displacing domestic farmworkers for the last twenty years. The language in this bill limits workers’ status to employer sponsorship, facilitating an environment of exploitation, retaliation, wage theft, and blacklisting. There is no provision for the right to strike, the right to join a union, or the right to bargain collectively as a counterbalance to employers’ control over workers." Source: Community to Community Food Justice

Proponents say

• "Stabilizing the workforce will protect the future of our farms and our food supply. The Farm Workforce Modernization Act accomplishes this by providing a path to legal status for farmworkers and updating and streamlining the H-2A temporary worker visa program while ensuring fair wages and working conditions for all workers." Source: Rep. Zoe Lofgren (Democrat, California, District 19)
• "Our nation’s immigration system is broken and results in great unfairness, as over one-half of the 2.4 million people who labor on our farms and ranches to feed us are undocumented immigrants. This bill, despite shortcomings that are inevitable in any compromise, is a responsible effort to fix our broken immigration system and enable many farmworkers and their families to gain a greater measure of justice … With legal status, farmworkers would be better able to improve their wages and working conditions and seek enforcement when their limited labor rights are violated" Source: Bruce Goldsteini (President of Farmworker Justice)